Waxcaps

Resources

Keys & monographs

  • 2025 – Chromosera
    • Grootmyers, D. et al. (2025). Geographic distributions in Chromosera species—continental and oceanic barriers, including a new species, a new variety and a new combination. Phytotaxa, 690(1), pp.17-35
  • 2019 – Cuphophyllus cinerellus, C. flavipes, C. hygrocyboides
    • Voitk, A. et al. (2019). New species and reports of Cuphophyllus from northern North America compared with related Eurasian species. Mycologia, 112(2), pp.438-452
  • 2025 – Dermoloma
    • Adamčíková, K. et al. (2025). A phylogenetic and morphological study of the genus Dermoloma (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) in Europe and North America exposes inefficiency of opportunistic species descriptions. IMA Fungus, 16, e157337
  • 2013 – Gliophorus europerplexus, G. reginae
    • Ainsworth, A.M., Cannon, P.F. & Dentinger, B.T.M. (2013). DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain. MycoKeys, 7, pp.45-62
  • 2026 – Gliophorus irrigatus complex: G. irrigatus, G. alboviscidus
    • Harries, D.J. et al. (2026). Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys, 127, pp.127-307
  • 2016 – Hodophilus foetens complex (Europe)
    • Adamčík, S. et al. (2016). Circumscription of species in the Hodophilus foetens complex (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in Europe. Mycological Progress, 16(1), pp.47-62
  • 2020 – Hodophilus phaeophyllus complex (Europe)
    • Adamčík, S. et al. (2020). Hodophilus phaeophyllus complex (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) is defined as new phylogenetic lineage in Europe. Mycological Progress, 19(2), pp.111-125
  • 2024 – Hygrocybe garajonayensis
    • De la Peña-Lastra, S. et al. (2024). Fungal Planet description sheet 1635. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 13(1), pp.249-250
  • 2024 – Hygrocybe mucronella, H. amara, H. alpina
    • Fuljer, F. et al. (2024). Contribution to European representatives of the genus Hygrocybe: Two new species and neotypification of Hygrocybe mucronella. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 14(1), pp.307-323

Interesting Waxcap Research

  • 2018 – Unusually high in 15N, low in 13C
    • Halbwachs, H. et al. (2018). Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil-dwelling Hygrophoraceae. Environmental Microbiology, 20(10), pp.3573-3588
  • 2014 – Vertical transmission via plant seeds?
    • Tello, S. et al. (2014). Hygrocybe virginea is a systemic endophyte of Plantago lanceolata. Mycological Progress, 13(3), pp.471-475
  • 2013 – Waxcaps in grassland in Europe, woodland elsewhere
    • Halbwachs, H., Karasch, P. & Griffith, G. (2013). The diverse habitats of Hygrocybe – peeking into an enigmatic lifestyle. Mycosphere, 4(4), pp.773-792
  • 2013 – Waxcap hyphae in plant roots
    • Halbwachs, H. et al. (2013). Hyphae of waxcap fungi colonise plant roots. Fungal Ecology, 6, pp.487-492

Recommended ID Books

  • Waxcaps
    • Boertmann, D. (2010) The Genus Hygrocybe 2nd Ed. (Request PDF)
  • Entoloma (mostly small grassland species)
    • Noordeloos, M.E. et al. (2022) Fungi Europaei Entoloma s.l. vol 5B
  • Entoloma (everything else)
    • Noordeloos, M.E. et al. (2026) Fungi Europaei Entoloma s.l. vol 5C
  • Clubs & corals
    • Francheti, P. & Marchetti, M. (2021) I Funghi Clavarioidi in Italia

Websites & online resources